Simple present tense expresses that an action is done habitually or regularly. Simple present tense can be used in both negative and positive sentence as well as in questions.
Simple present tense yana nuna cewa aiki yana faruwa yau da kullum ko yana faruwa koda yaushe. Jimlar da za'a iya amfani da ita a simple present tense zata iya kasancewa "positive" (jimlar da take tabbatar da magana), za kuma ta iya kasancewa "negative" (jimlar da take musanta magana) haka kuma zata iya kasancewa jimla ta tambaya.
Example of simple tense in sentence. misalan yanda ake amfani da 'simple present tense' a cikin jimla.
I take the book to the office (positive). Ina kai littafin zuwa ofishin.
Do i take the book to the office? (question) shin ina kai littafin zuwa ofishin?
I don't take the book to the office. (negative) bana kai littafin zuwa ofishin.
Shehu sleeps seven hours every night. (positive) Shehu yana yin baccin sa'o'i bakwai kowani dare.
Does Shehu sleeps seven hours every night? (question) Shin Shehu yana yin baccin sa'o'i bakwai kowani dare?
Shehu doesn't sleeps seven hours every night (negative) Shehu baya yin baccin sa'o'i bakwai kowane dare.
The President of Nigeria lives in Abuja. (positive) Shugaban Nigeria yana rayuwa ne a Abuja.
Does the President of Nigeria lives in Abuja? (question) Shin shugaban Nigeria yana rayuwa ne a Abuja?
The President of Nigeria does'nt lives in Abuja. Shugaban Nigeria baya rayuwa a Abuja.
I play tennis. Ina buga ƙwallon tennis (koda yaushe)
Do i play tennis? shin ina buga ƙwallon tennis?
I don't play tennis. bana buga ƙwallon tennis.
I get up early every day. Ina tashi da wuri kullum.
Do i get up early every day? shin ina tashi da wuri kullum?
I don't get up early every night. bana tashi da wuri kullum.
Usman brushes his teeth twice a day. Usman yana wanke haƙoransa sau biyu a sati.
Do Usman brushes his teeth twice a week? shin Usman yana wanke haƙoransa sau biyu a sati?
Usman does'nt brushes his teeth twice a week. Usman baya wanke haƙoransa sau biyu a sati.
They speak Hausa at school. suna magana da harshen Hausa a makaranta.(koda yaushe)
Do they speak Hausa at school? shin suna magana da harshen Hausa a makaranta?
They don't speak Hausa at school. Basa yin magana da harshen Hausa a makaranta.
Past tense indicates action that has already happened. Past tense is usually formed by adding 'ed' to the end of the word if the verb ends in consonant or a vowel other than 'e'.
Past tense yana nuna aiki ya wakana/auku. Galibi ana samar da Past tense ne ta hanyar sanya haruffan "ed" a ƙarken kalma muddin dai kalmar ta ƙare da harafi ne ko kuma wasali wanda ba 'e' bane.
Example of past tense. Misalan Past tense.
Present tense
Past tense
Seem
Seemed
look
looked
laugh
laughed
If verb end in '-e', past tense is usually formed by adding 'd'
Idan kalma ta ƙare da harafin 'e' to akan samar da past tense nashi ta hanyar sanya harafin "d" a ƙarken kalma. Misali:
Present Tense
Past Tense
Love
loved
recede
receded
hope
hoped
If the verb ends in a consonant plus "y"; past tense should be formed by changing the 'y' to 'i' and then add 'ed' thereafter.
Amma idan kalma ta ƙare da harafi ne haɗe da harafin "y", to za'a samar da past tense ne ta hanyar mayar da harafin "y" ya koma "i" sannan daga bisani a sanya haruffan "ed". Misali:
Present Tense
Past Tense
Hurry
hurried
clarify
clarified
But if the verb ends in a vowel plus 'y', just add 'ed'
Amma idan kalma ta ƙare da wasali ne haɗe da kalmar "y", ana buƙatar a sanya haruffan "ed" ne kawai domin mayar da ita past tense. Misali:
Present continuous tense indicates an action is happening right now. The affirmative sentence of present continuous tense can be formed with this formula: subject + is/am/are + ing
Present continuous tense yana nuna cewa aiki yana faruwa yanzun kuma ana samar da present continuous tense na jimlar dake tabbatar da magana ce ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: subject + is/am/are + ing wato za'a fara sanya suna ko wakilin sunan dake yin nuni ga wanda ya aikata aiki a cikin jimla, sannan sai a sanya kalmar "is", "am", ko kuma kalmar "are" sannan sai a sanya kalma wacce ta ƙare da haruffan "ing" daga bisani. Misali:
We're playing together. Muna yin wasa tare yanzu.
The boy is running. yaran yana gudu.
I'm publishing on the internet. ina wallafa bayanai a yanar gizo.
Present continuous tenses can be used as an interrogative sentence to ask questions. Interrogative sentence of present continuous tense can be formed with this formula: am/is/are + subject + ing.
Za'a iya yin amfani da present continuous tense gurin yin tambaya, kuma ana samar da jimlar yin tambata ta present continuous tense ce ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: am/is/are + subject + ing. Misali:
Are you writing? shin kana yin rubutu ne?
Are Anas and Usman coming to your wedding? Shin Anas da Usman zasu zo ɗaurin aurenka?
When is he going school?? yaushe yake zuwa makaranta?
Present continuous tense can be used in negative sentence. Negative sentence of present continuous tense can be formed with this formula: is/am/are + not + ing
Za'a iya yin amfani da present continuous tense a cikin jimlar dake nuna cewa abu ba gaskiya bane, kuma ƙa'idar da ake bi gurin samar da negative sentence na present continuous tense itace: is/am/are + not + ing Misali:
I'm not publishing on the internet. bana wallafa bayanai a cikin yanar gizo.
You aren't focusing on your career. baka mayar da hankali akan sana'arka.
Some people aren't going to the wedding. Wasu mutane baza su zo ɗaurin auren ba.
She isn't going to attend the lecture. baza ta je gurin yin laccan ba.
Present continuous tense can be used to express future.
Za'a iya yin amfani da present continuous tense domin nuna aikin da zai faru nan gaba. Misali:
I'm going to visit my parents next week. zan ziyarci iyayena sati mai zuwa.
What are you doing in the upcoming year? me zaka yi a shekara mai zuwa?
The future tense "will, shall, or going to is used to refer to things that haven't happened yet, but are expected to occur in the future.
Ana yin amfani da future tense (will, shall, ko 'going to') domin nuna aikin da bai riga ya faru ba, amma ana sa ran faruwarsa nan gaba.
Future tense can be used in the following situations.
To give or ask for information about the future:
Za'a iya yin amfani da future tense ne a cikin lamurra kamar haka: Domin bayar da bayani ko neman ƙarin bayani akan abin da zai faru nan gaba: Misali
I was told that you will be in Kano tomorrow; how long will the journey take? An gaya mini cewa zaka kasance a Kano gobe, tsawan wani lokaci zaka ɗauka kana tafiya?
Future tense can be used to talk concerning what we think are likely to happen in the future, but which aren't completely certain.
Za'a iya yin amfani da future tense domin tattaunawa akan abun da zai iya faruwa nan gaba, amma wanda ba'a riga an gama tabbatarwa ba. Misali:
I think she'll travel soon. Ina tinanin zata yi tafiya bada jimawa ba.
He won't tolerate criticism for long. ba zai iya jurewa zagi ba na tsawan lokaci.
You'll never lose weight, provided you like food too much.Baza ka iya rage ƙiba ba, muddin dai kana son abinci sosai.
Future tense can be used to refer to conditional situations, things that will happen if something else occurs.
Za'a iya amfani da future tense domin nuna cewa wani abu zai iya faruwa ne kawai idan wani abun ya faru. Misali:
If it's hot I'll go swimming. Idan akwai zafi, zanje na yi wanka a rafi.
You'll get tied if you work for ten hours. zaka gaji idan ka yi aikin sa'o'i goma.
Future tense can be used to make promises, threats or to state decisions.
Za'a iya amfani da future tense domin ɗaukan alƙawari, yin barazana ko kuma domin faɗin shawarar daka zartar. Misali:
I'll meet you there. zan same ka a gurin.
Are you going into market? I'll give you a lift. shin kasuwa zaka shiga? zan rage maka hanya.
i'll never visit you again. bazan sake ziyartarka ba.
SHALL VS WILL
Traditionally, 'shall' is used with first person pronouns (i.e 'I' and 'we') to form the future tense. But 'will' is used with second and third person forms (i.e. you, he, she, it, they)
A bisa ƙa'ida, ana amfani da 'shall' ne tare da first person pronouns (wato "i" da kuma "we") domin samar da future tense. A sa'ilin da kuma ake amfani da "will" tare da second person ko third person (wato you, he, she, it, they). Misali:
I shall go to school. (zan je makaranta)
They will never go to school. (baza su je makaranta ba)
But if you're expressing a strong determination to do something, the roles are reversed.
Amma idan kana nuna cewa kana da wani ƙudiri mai ƙarfi ne na yin wani abu, to anan ana yin amfani da "shall" ne tare da "second person" ko "third person", sannan kuma za'a yi amfani da "will" tare da "first person". Misali:
I will not tolerate criticism. ba zan iya jurewa zagi ba.
We used present perfect tense to express something that started in the past and continues in the present. The affirmative of present perfect tense is usually formed with "have" or "has" + past participle.
Zamu iya yin amfani da present perfect tense domin nuna cewa aikin ya fara gudana a lokutan baya kuma sannan ya ci gaba da wakana a halin yanzu. Akan samar da present perfect tense dake tabbatar da faruwar lamari ne ta hanyar haɗe kalmar "have" ko "has" tare da "past participle" (kalmomin da suke a past tense)
Misali:
He've been smoke for twenty years. ya ɗauki shekaru ashirin yana shaye-shaye.
Their father haven't stayed with them for years. babansu ya ɗauki shekaru bai tare dasu.
My mother has worked as school teacher for ten years. shekaru goma kenan mahaifiyata tana yin aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta.
I've learned English since when i was in nursery school. tun ina makarantar Nursery nake koyon turanci.
The ABU students have arrived. Ɗaliban Jami'ar ABU suna halartowa.
The children have eaten the food. yaran suna cinye abincin.
She has designed an attractive website. tana tsara shafin yanar gizo mai kyau.
She has accepted my invitation. tana amsa gayyata ta.
We can use present perfect tense in negative sentence. Negative sentence of present perfect tense can be formed with this formula: Have/has + not + past participle
Zamu iya yin amfani da present perfect tense domin samar da jimlar dake musantawa. Ƙa'idar da ake bi domin yin haka itace: Have/has + not + past participle. Misali:
Negative Sentences
She has not accepted my invitation. Bata amsa goran gayyata ta.
You have not relied on your parents. baka dogara ga iyayenka
You have not called your boyfriend. dama ba kya kiran saurayinki.
I have not gone to Lagos. ban taɓa zuwa Lagos ba.
Present perfect tense can be use also in interrogative sentence. Interrogative sentence of present perfect tense can be formed with this formula: Have/has + subject + past participle.
Za kuma a iya yin amfani da present perfect tense domin samar da jimla ta tambaya. Ƙa'idar da ake bi gurin yin haka itace: Have/has + subject + past participle
Misali
Interrogative Sentences
Have you gone to Lagos. Shin ka taɓa zuwa Lagos.
Has she eaten her food? Shin tana cinye abincin ta?
Has he bought Android phone? dama yana siyan wayar Android?
We used present perfect continuous tense to show that event started in the past and continue in the present. Affirmative present perfect continuous tense is formed by using "has been" or "have been" + present participle (ing).
We often use some words such as "since", "for" and "all" to show the time of the action.
Ana amfani da present perfect continuous tense ne domin nuna cewa wani aiki ya fara a lokacin daya gabata, kuma sannan yana kan wakana a halin yanzu. Ana samar da jimlar dake tabbatar da magana ta present perfect continuous tense ce ta hanyar haɗa kalmomin "has been" ko "have been" tare da present participle (haruffan "ing"). Misali
She has been expecting for her salary all day. a kowace rana tana jiran albashinta.
I've been working on this app sin 2019. tun shekara ta 2019 nake aiki akan wannan manhajar.
They have been studying abroad since last year. tun shekarar data gabata suke yin karatu a ƙasar waje.
My wife has been cooking since morning. tun da safe matata take girki.
He has been writing novel since 2019. tun a shekara ta 2019 yake rubuta littafin labari.
She has been working as school teacher since 2019. tun a shekara ta 2019 take aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta.
I have been watching the movie for six hours. sa'o'i shida na ɗauka ina kallon shirin film ɗin.
We can used present perfect continuous tense in negative sentence. The formula for forming negative sentence of present perfect continuous tense is: Has/have + not + been + ing
Zamu iya yin amfani da present perfect continuous tense a cikin jimlar da take musanta magana kuma ƙa'idar da ake bi gurin samar da jimlar present perfect continuous tense dake musanta magana itace: Has/have + not + been + ing. Misali
She has not been teaching in the school since 2019. ta daina koyarwa a makarantar tun shekara ta 2019.
He has not been writing a novel for two years. shekaru biyu kenan ya ɗauka baya rubuta labarin.
She has not been sleeping for three days. kwanaki uku kenan bata yin bacci.
Children in the school have not been playing football for six hours. yaran makarantar basu buga ƙwallo ba na tsawan sa'o'i shida.
We can used present perfect continuous tense in interrogative sentence too. The formula for forming interrogative sentence of present perfect continuous tense is: Has/have + subject + been + ing.
Ana kuma yin amfani da present perfect continuous tense a cikin jimla ta tambaya. Ƙa'idar da ake bi gurin yin hakan ita ce: Has/have + subject + been + ing. Misali:
Have you been writing your novel since 2019? ka cigaba da rubuta labaranka bayan shekara ta 2019?
Has she been working as a school teacher for three years? shin tayi shekara uku tana aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta?
Has she been adopting the children since 2019? shin ta kasance tana rainon yaran tun shekara ta 2019?
Have they been watching Hausa movie for ten Hours? shin sun ɗauki sa'o'i goma suna kallon shirin film na Hausa?
Past continuous tense express an event in the past that is still happening at the time of speaking. The affirmative sentence of past continuous tense is formed with "was/were + present participle.
Past continuous tense yana nuna wani aiki da aka fara a lokacin daya gabata, to amma kuma ba'a kammala ba yanzu. Ana samar da Past continuous tense na jimlar da take tabbatar da magana ce ta hanyar haɗe kalmar "was" ko "were" tare da present participle (haruffan "ing")
Misali
She was waiting for her husband. tana jiran mijinta.
I was writing a novel. ina rubuta littafin labari.
We were driving a car. muna tuƙa mota.
The children were smiling to see their parents. Yaran suna murmushin ganin iyayen su.
Past continuous tense can be use in negative sentence and the formula is: was/were + not + ing
Za'a iya yin amfani da past continuous tense a cikin jimlar dake musanta magana kuma ƙa'idar da ake bi domin yin hakan itace: was/were + not + ing Misali:
She was not sleeping in the morning. bata yin bacci da safe.
He was not washing his clothes but his wife does. baya wanke kayan shi, matar shi ce take wanke mashi.
You were not listening carefully. bakwa mayar da hankali gurin sauraro.
Past continuous tense can also be use as interrogative to ask questions using this formula: Was/were + subject + ing.
Haka ma za'a iya yin amfani da past continuous tense a matsayin jimla ta yin tambaya ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: Was/were + subject + ing Misali:
Were they paying their bills? shin su suke ɗaukan nauyin kansu?
Was he writing a novel? shin yana rubuta littafin labari?
Were you asking me a favour? shin kuna neman alfarma ce a guri na?
Past perfect tense is used to express that something happened before another action in the past or to show that something happened before a specific time in the past. Affirmative Past perfect is formed with "had + past participle"
Past perfect tense yana nuna cewa wani labari ya riga ya faru kafin faruwan wani abu. Ko kuma yana nuna cewa wani abu ya faru kafin wani takamammen lokaci. Ana samar da jimlar past perfect tense dake tabbatar da magana ce ta hanyar haɗe "had" da kuma past participle (kalma wacce ke nuna cewa aiki ya kammala).
Misali
She had suffered a lot in her childhood. ta sha wahala sosai lokacin da take ƙarama.
I had lost my wallet. na ɓatar da lalita ta.
She had washed the trousers. ta wanke wandon.
They had travelled to China. sun yi tafiya zuwa ƙasar Sin.
He had lent me his car. ya bani aron motar shi.
Past perfect tense can also be use in negative sentence using this formula: had + not + past participle
Ana yin amfani da past perfect tense a jimlar dake musanta magana kuma ƙa'idar da ake bi gurin yin hakan itace: had + not + past participle Misali
She had not notified me about her departure. bata sanar dani game da tafiyar ta ba.
She had not washed her face. bata wanke fuskarta ba.
I had not confronted her when i saw her. ban fuskance ta ba lokacin dana ganta.
Past perfect tense can also be use as interrogative using this formula: had + subject + past participle
Za kuma a iya yin amfani da past perfect tense domin yin tambaya ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: had + subject + ed Misali:
Had she finished the work? shin ta kammala aikin?
Had your wife prepared food for the kids? shin matarka ta dafawa yaran abinci?
Has she wearied hijab? shin ta sanya hijabi?
Has she stayed with you? shin ta kasance tare da kai?
Past perfect continuous tense express that event initiated in the past and continued in some specific period in the past. Affirmative past perfect continuous tense is formed with "had been" + present participle.
Past perfect continuous tense yana nuna cewa wani abu ya samo asali a lokacin da ya wuce sannan ya ci gaba zuwa wani lokaci, shima duk a lokacin daya gabata. Ana samar da past perfect continuous tense na jimlar dake tabbatar da magana ce ta hanyar hade "had been" tare da kalmar data ƙare da "ing. Misali
She had been washing the cloth for an hour. sa'a ɗaya ta ɗauka tana wanke kayan.
They had been living in Zaria since 2019. tun a shekara ta 2019 suke zaune a Zaria.
She had been waiting for her since Friday. tun ranar juma'a yake jiranta.
He had been applying for jobs since 2019. tun shekara ta 2019 yake neman aiki.
Past perfect continuous tense can be use in negative sentence using this formula: had + not + been + ing.
Ana yin amfani da past perfect continuous tense a jimlar dake musanta magana ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: had + not + been + ing Misali
She had not been working on her project since 2019. ta daina yin aiki akan shirin ta tun shekara ta 2019.
They had not been eating bread for three years. tsawan shekaru uku kenan basu ci biredi ba.
She had not been drinking yogurt since 2019. rabanta da shan madara tun shekara ta 2019.
I had not watching films since Friday. rabo na da kallon film tun ranar Juma'a
Past perfect continuous tense is use in interrogative sentence as well. The formula for interrogative sentence is: had + subject + been + ing
Haka kuma ana yin amfani da past perfect continuous tense domin yin tambaya kuma ƙa'idar da ake bi gurin yin hakan itace: had + subject + been + ing Misali
Had they been watching television since morning? tun safe suke kallon talabijin?
Had she been drinking yogurt since 2018? tun shekara ta 2018 take shan madara?
Had he been using IPhone since 2019? tun shekara ta 2019 yake amfani da wayar IPhone?
Future continuous tense is used to indicate that something will occur in the future and continue for a specific time. The affirmative sentence of Future continuous tense is formed with "will" + "be" + "present participle"
Ana amfani da future continuous tense ne domin nuna cewa wani abu zai auku nan gaba na tsawan wani lokaci. Ana samar da future continuous tense na jimlar dake tabbatar da magana ce ta hanyar haɗe "will" da "be" da kuma present participle" (haruffan 'ing')
Misali
The students will be making preparations for this lecture. ɗaliban zasu fara shirye-shiryen zaman wannan laccan.
She will be writing a novel for students. zata fara rubutawa ɗalibai littafin labarai.
He will be going to Kaduna. zai fara zuwa Kaduna
Future continuous tense is also use in negative sentence by applying this formula: Will + not + be + ing.
Ana kuma yin amfani da future continuous tense a jimlar dake musanta magana ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: will + not + be + ing Misali
Students will not be coming here. ɗalibai baza su riƙa zuwa nan ba
You will not be living for ever. baza ka kasance kana rayuwa ba har abada.
You will not be washing your clothes if you got married. ba kai bane zaka riƙa wanke suturarka idan kayi aure.
Future continuous tense is also use in interrogative sentence to ask questions by applying this formula: will + subject + be + ing
Ana kuma yin amfani da future continuous tense a jimlar tambaya ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: will + subject + be + ing Misali
Will you be going to school? shin zaka riƙa zuwa makaranta.
Will she be taking her son to school? shin zata riƙa kai ɗanta makaranta?
Will he be going to Kaduna tomorrow? shin zai je Kaduna gobe?
Will the children be making noise? shin yaran zasu cigaba da yin hayaniya?
Future perfect tense indicates that an event will be finished by a particular time in the future. Future perfect tense is often use with "b" or "in" and its affirmative is formed with "will have" + past participle.
Future perfect tense yana nuna cewa wani aiki zai kammalu a wani lokaci nan gaba. sauda yawa future perfect tense yana tafiya ne tare da "by" ko "in" kuma ana samar dashi ne ta hanyar haɗe "will have" da "past participle" domin tabbatar da magana
Misali
He will have compiled the novel by Friday. zai iya kammala tattara littafin labaran daga nan zuwa ranar Juma'a.
She will have bought a house. zata iya siyan gida.
He would have finished his duty. zai iya kasancewa ya kammala aikin shi.
Future perfect tense is use in negative sentence by applying this formula: will + not + have + past participle
Ana kuma yin amfani da future perfect tense a jimlar dake musanta magana ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: will + not + have + past participle Misali
He will have not reached the destination. bai isa ace ya kai gurin ba.
She will have not finished her study. ba zai yiwu ace ta kammala karatunta ba.
You will have not enjoyed the company. ba zai yiwu ace zaka ji daɗin taron ba.
Future perfect tense is also use in interrogative sentence to ask questions by applying this formula: will + subject + have + past participle
Za kuma a iya yin amfani da future perfect tense domin yin tambaya ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: will + subject + have + past participle Misali
Will she have stayed with him? zata iya tsayawa dashi?
Will she have got married? zata yi aure?
Will you have written a novel? zaka iya rubuta littafin labari?
We use future perfect continuous tense to describe a continuous event that will be completed in the future. The affirmative of this tense is formed with will/shall have been + present participle
Ana amfani da future perfect continuous tense ne domin siffanta aikin da yake gudana wanda za'a kammala nan gaba. Ana samar dashi ne ta hanyar haɗe "will have been" ko "shall have been" da kuma "present participle" (haruffan "ing") domin tabbatar da magana
Misali In 2019, she will have been writing a novel for ten years. a cikin shekara ta 2019 zata kai shekaru goma kenan tana rubuta littafin labarai.
In August, He will have been living in Zaria for five years. a watan ogusta ne zai cika shekaru biyar yana rayuwa a Zaria.
I will have been writing novel for four years by the end of this year. ƙarken wannan shekaran ne zan kai shekaru huɗu ina rubuta littafin labarai.
Future perfect continuous tense can be use in negative sentence by applying this formula: will + not + have + been + ing
Ana yin amfani da future perfect continuous tense a jimlar da take musanta magana ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: will + not + have + been + ing. Misali
She will not have been staying in Kano for seven years when her first daughter is ten years old. ba zai yuwu ace ta cika shekaru bakwai da fara zama a Kano ba lokacin da babbar 'yarta zata kai shekaru goma da haihuwa.
Future perfect continuous tense can also be use as interrogative sentence to ask questions by applying this formula: will + subject + have + been + ing
Haka ma ana yin amfani da future perfect continuous a matsayin jimla ta tambaya ta hanyar yin amfani da wannan ƙa'idar: will + subject + have + been + ing Misali
How long will she have been staying in Kano when her daughter is ten years old? shekaru nawa kenan zai kasance ta ɗauka tana zama a Kano lokacin da 'yarta zata cika shekaru goma da haihuwa?
