Prefix is a group of letters attach to the beginning of a word to modify and give a new meaning. Below is a list of common English prefixes.
Prefix wasu kalmomi ne da ake liƙawa a farkon kalma domin canza kalma tare da bada sabuwar ma'ana. Teburin nan na ƙasa jadawalin prefix ne da aka fi yin amfani dasu a turanci.| Prefix | Meaning | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Anti- | maƙiyin abu, mai hana abu faruwa | antimalerial (mai kashe cutar malaria), antidepressant (mai kauda baƙin ciki), antiislam (maƙiyin musulinci) |
| circum- | kewaye | circumnavigate (kewaye ko ina), circumvent (kewayawa tare da wuce abun daya tare maka hanya) |
| co- | tare da | coworker (wanda kuke aiki tare dashi), cooperation (yin aikin tarayya) |
| de | ɗebeba, cirewa, ɗaukewa | deactivate (sanya abu ya daina aiki), demotivate (kashe wa mutum ƙwarin gwiwa) |
| dis | rashin yin abu | disbelieve (rashin yin imani da abu), disapprove (rashin amincewa) |
| en | shigarwa ciki | encode (tattarawa tare da ɗaure bayanai) |
| em | shigo da | embed (mulmule) |
| epi | akai, da, bayan | epicentre (a tsakiya), epidermis (na bayan fata) |
| ex | wanda ya faru a lokutan baya | ex-president (tsohon shugaban ƙasa), ex-student (tsohon ɗalibi) |
| extra | fiye da, baya ga | extraordinary (wanda yafi ƙarfin tunani), extramarital (wanda yake faruwa ba'a cikin aure ba |
| homo | iri ɗaya | homosexual (mutumin dake jima'i da irin jinsin shi = ɗan luwaɗi ko 'yar maɗigo) |
| hyper | fiye da kima | hyperactivity (aikace aikace fiye da kima), hypercritical (sukan mutum fiye da kima) |
| il (ana amfani dashi ne kawai idan "L" ya biyo bayan shi) | not (a'a, mara yiwuwa) | impossible (mara yiwuwa), immoral (rashin ɗa'a) |
| in | not (a'a, mara yiwuwa) | incorrect (kuskure), indigestive (abinci wanda baya narkewa) |
| inter | tsakanin | international (mai faruwa tsakanin ƙasashen duniya), intercontinental (mai faruwa daga wannan nahiyar zuwa wata) |
| intra | cikin, tsakanin | intra-departmental (mai faruwa a cikin tsangaya) |
| infra | ƙasa da yanda ake buƙata, sama da yanda ake buƙata | infrasound (ƙaran da yayi yawa ko yayi kaɗan) |
| aqua- | ruwa | aqualung (jakar dake ba mutum daman shaƙar iska a cikin ruwa), aquarium (gilashin da ake kiwan halittun ruwa a cikin su) |
| ultra- | matuƙa, wanda ya wuce yanda ake so | Ultramodern (sabo ainun, sabo matuƙa, sabo sosai), ultrawhite (wanda farin shi yayi yawa) |
| macro- | ƙato | macroeconomics (tattalin arziki wanda ya bunƙasa sosai) |
| micro- | ƙarami | micro-organism (ƙananun halittu), microcomputer (ƙaramar kwanfuta) |
| mid | tsakiya | midday (tsakiyar rana), midfield (tsakiyan fili) |
| mis | wanda ya faru bisa kuskure | misunderstand (kuskuran fahimta), misinterpret (kuskuran fassara) |
| mono- | ɗaya | monogamy (auren mace ɗaya ko miji ɗaya), monotone (yare ɗaya) |
| non | ba tare da, mara | nonsense (mara ma'ana), nonexistence (rashin wanzuwa) |
| omni | na ko ina, na kowa | omnipotent (wanda zai iya yin komai), omnipresent (wanda yake a ko ina) |
| para | kusan | paranormal (wanda ya kusan zama dai dai), paramilitary (waɗanda suka kusan zama sojoji) |
| post | bayan | postgraduate (mutum bayan ya kammala karatun digiri), postelection (bayan kammala zaɓe) |
| pre | kafin | prepaid (bayan biya tukunna), prewar (kafin yaƙi) |
| re | sakewa kuma | reapply (sake amfani da), redo (sake yi) |
| semi | rabi | semicircle (rabin circle) |
| sub | na cikin, ƙasa da | subzero (ƙasa da sifili), submarine (na ƙasan teku) |
| super | fiye da kima | superhuman (wanda ƙarfin shi ya wuce na mutane), superich (mai dukiya fiye da kima) |
| thermo- | wanda ya shafi zafi | thermometer (na'urar auna zafi) |
| trans- | tsakanin, ta | transatlantic (ta tekun atlantic) |
| tri- | guda uku | tricycle (keke mai taya uku), triangle (kusurwa mai ƙafa uku) |
| un | not/mara | unfinished (wanda ba'a kammala ba), unknown (wanda ba'a sani ba) |
| uni | ɗaya | Universal (na bai ɗaya), unicycle (keke mai taya ɗaya), unicellular (wanda yake da cell guda ɗaya) |
| a | ba tare da | atheist (wanda bai yi imani da Allah ba) |
| auto | mai aiki da kanshi | autoexposure (mai fitowa da kanshi) |
| bi | guda biyu | bilingual (yare biyu), bisexual (na jinsin mace dana miji) |
| counter | mai kawar da wani abu | counterattack (harin mai da martani), counterterrorism (harin kawar da ta'addanci) |
| mal | wanda ba'a yishi yanda ya kamata ba. | malfunction (yin aiki ba yanda ya kamata ba) |
| multi | da yawa | multitask (aiki da yawa) |
| afro | wanda ya shafi Africa | afroamerican (ɗan Amurka mai usuli daga nahiyar Africa.) |
| over | fiye da kima | overpopulation (yawan jama'a fiye da kima) |
| poly | mai yawa | polygamous (auran mata da yawa) |
| quad | huɗu | quadrangle (layi mai 'angle' huɗu) |
| ir (ana amfani dashi ne kawai idan harafin 'r' ya biyo bayan shi) | not, mara | irreligious (mara addini) |
| under | ƙasa da | under-fives ('yan ƙasa da shekara biyar), undergraduate (wanda bai kammala digiri ba) |
| hydro | wanda ya shafi ruwa | hydrometer (ma'aunin auna ruwa) |
| aero- | wanda ya shafi iska | aeroplane (jirgin mai tashi cikin iska= jirgin sama) |
Suffixes are letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to make a new word
Suffixes wasu haruffa ne da ake liƙawa a ƙarken kalmomi domin sauya ma'anar kalma.eer
Yana nuna cewa mutum yana da alaƙa da wani abu. Misali 'auctioneer" (ɗa gwanjo). An fitar da kalmar ce daga cikin kalmar "auction" (gwanjo)er
Yana nuna cewa mutum yana aikata wani abu. Misali "helper" (mai taimako). An fitar da kalmar ce daga cikin kalmar 'help' (taimako)ion
Ana amfani dashi ne domin samar da suna daga cikin aiki (make noun from verb) misali "celebration" da aka fiddo daga cikin kalmar "celebrate"ity
Ana amfani dashi ne domin samar da siffa daga cikin wasu part of speech ɗin, ko kuma domin ƙara ƙarfafa wasu adjective. Misali "equality" da aka samo daga cikin kalmar "equal"ment
Ana amfani dashi ne domin samar da suna daga cikin aiki (makes nouns from verb) Misali kalmar "movement" da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "move"ness
Ana amfani dashi ne domin samar da suna daga cikin siffa (makes nouns from adjectives) Misali: "darkness" da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "dark"or
Ana amfani dashi ne domin nuna aikin da mutum yake yi, Misali: "investigator" (mai bincike) da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "investigate" (bincike)sion
Ana amfani dashi ne domin nuna irin halin da mutum yake ciki. Misali "depression" (baƙin ciki) da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "depress"ship
Yana nuna gurin da abu yake, Misali kalmar "ownership" da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "owner"th
Yana nuna halin da abu yake ciki, Misali "warmth" da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "warm"able, ible
Suna nuna cewa abu zai yiwu. Misali "preventable" (wanda za'a iya hana aukuwarsa) da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "prevent" (hana)al
Ana amfani dashi ne wajen nuna cewa wani ya aikata wani abu ko wani abu ya faru (makes noun from verbs) Misali "arrival" (Isowa) da aka fiddo daga cikin kalmar "arrive", ko "refusal" (ƙin biyayya) da aka fiddo daga cikin kalmar "refuse"ary
Ana amfani dashi ne domin nuna cewa abu na da alaƙa da wani lamari. Misali "budgetary" (abun daya shafi kasafi) da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "budget" (kasafin kuɗi)ful
Yana nufin mai cike da, ko mai tattare da. Misali kalmar wonderful (mai ban al'ajabi) da aka samar daga cikin kalmar wonder (al'ajabi)ic
Mai alaƙa da. Misali "organic" da aka samar daga cikin kalmar 'organ'.ious, ous,
Ana amfani dasu ne domin ƙara ƙarfafa kalma. Misali "dangerous" (mai hatsari) da aka fitar daga cikin kalmar "danger" (hatsari)ive
Ana amfani dashi ne domin samar da siffa daga cikin aiki. Misali "creative" da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "create"less
ba tare da. Misali "sleepless" (rashin bacci) da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "sleep" (bacci)y
Yana nufin 'na'. Misali "brainy" (na ƙwaƙwalwa) da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "brain" (ƙwaƙwalwa)ed
Ana amfani dashi ne domin nuna cewa an riga an aikata wani aiki (past tense) Misali "called" da aka fiddo daga cikin kalmar "call"en
Zamantowa. Misali "lengthen" (tsawaita) da aka fiddo daga cikin kalmar "length" (tsawo)er
Ana amfani dashi domin samar da adjective comparative. Misali "bigger" da aka samar daga cikin kalmar big.ing
Yana nuna present participle. Misali "laughing" da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "laugh"ize, ise
Mayarwa zuwa wani abu daban. Misali "memorize" (haddace) da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "memory" (hadda)ly
Ana amfani dashi domin nuna yanayin yanda abu yake wakana. Misali "honesty" da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "honest"ward
Yana nufin a wani ɓangare. Misali "backward" (a ɓangaren baya) da aka fiddo daga cikin kalmar "back" (baya)wise
irin na abu kaza. Misali clockwise (mai siffar agogo) da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "clock" (agogo)ism
Yana nuna abun da mutum yayi imani dashi ko ra'ayin siyasa. Misali "catholism" da aka fitar daga cikin kalmar "catholic"ist
Ana amfani dashi domin danganta abu ga wani. Misali islamist (mai ra'ayin musulinci) da aka samar daga cikin kalmar 'islam' (musulinci)ish
Kasancewa kana da wata irin ɗabi'a. Misali "childish" (mai halin yara) da aka samo daga cikin kalmar "child" (yaro)phobia
Tsoro. Misali "socialphobia" (tsoron zumunci ko jama'a) da aka samo daga cikin kalmar "social" (na jama'a)an
Ana amfani dashi domin danganta wani abu ga wani. Misali "Nigerian" (na Nigeria ko ɗan Nigeria) da aka samar daga cikin kalmar Nigeria.ee
Mutumin da wani aiki ya shafa. Misali "nominee" (mutumin da aka zaɓa) da aka fitar daga cikin kalmar "nominate" (yin zaɓe ko mubaya'a)ence
Yana nuna cewa kalma noun ce, misali "influence"ology
Karantar wani darasi. Misali "sociology" (karantar ilimin zamantakewar mutane) da aka fiddo daga cikin kalmar "social" (na jama'a)dom
Mataki ko halin da abu yake. Misali "martyrdom" (shahada) da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "martyr" (shahidi)hood
Ana amfani dashi domin siffanta abu. Misali "childhood" (yaranta) da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "child" yaro.ese
Abun daya shafi wata ƙasa ko wani gari: Misali "chinese" da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "china"i
Abun daya shafi wata ƙasa ko wani gari. Misali: "Pakistani" da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "Pakistan"ic
Wanda ya shafi wani abu. Misali "Economic" (abun daya shafi tattalin arziki) da aka samar daga cikin kalmar "economy" (tattalin arziki)some
Mai abu kaza. Misali "fearsome" (mai sa tsoro) da aka fitar daga cikin kalmar "fear" (tsoro)
Aika Zuwa
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